Wie installiere ich ein Softwarepaket aus der Extras-Bibliothek auf einer EC2-Instance, auf der AL2 ausgeführt wird?

Behebung

Hinweis: Die folgende Lösung gilt nur für Instances, die auf AL2 ausgeführt werden. Du kannst die folgenden Lösungsschritte nicht für Instances verwenden, die auf Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023) ausgeführt werden.

Gehe wie folgt vor, um ein Softwarepaket zu installieren:

1. Verwende SSH, um eine Verbindung zu der Amazon EC2 Linux-Instance herzustellen.

2. Um zu überprüfen, ob du das Paket amazon-linux-extras installiert hast, führe den folgenden Befehl aus:

   rpm -qa |grep -i amazon-linux-extras

   Wenn du das Paket amazon-linux-extras nicht installiert hast, führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um es zu installieren:

   sudo yum install -y amazon-linux-extras

3. Führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um alle verfügbaren Themen und Versionen aufzulisten:

   amazon-linux-extras  

   Beispielausgabe:

   $ amazon-linux-extras  
   2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

   Hinweis: AWS aktualisiert das Extras-Bibliothek-Repository regelmäßig.

4. Führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um das Thema zu aktivieren, das du verwenden möchtest:

   sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8.1

   Hinweis: Ersetze php8.1 durch den Themennamen.
   Beispielausgabe:

   $ sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8
   .1Topic php8.1 has end-of-support date of 2024-11-25
     2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

5. Führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um die Pakete zum Thema zu installieren:

   sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd

   Hinweis: Ersetze php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd durch die Liste der Softwarepakete in deinem Thema.

6. Führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um die Installation zu überprüfen:

   sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlndLoaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd

   Hinweis: Ersetze php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd durch die Liste der Softwarepakete in deinem Thema.
   Beispielausgabe:

   $ sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlndLoaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
   Installed Packages
   php-cli.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-fpm.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-mysqlnd.x86_64                                            8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-pdo.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1

7. Führe den folgenden Befehl aus, um die Softwareversion zu bestätigen:

   php --version

   Beispielausgabe:

   $ php --version
   PHP 8.1.23 (cli) (built: Sep 15 2023 21:56:29) (NTS)
   Copyright (c) The PHP Group
   Zend Engine v4.1.23, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

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