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Hi, its documented here.
Target group attributes
load_balancing.algorithm.type
The load balancing algorithm determines how the load balancer selects targets when routing requests. ( this applies to targets behind ASG as well )
The value is round_robin or least_outstanding_requests.
The default is round_robin. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/load-balancer-target-groups.html
Like you mentioned, if multiple instances are attached to the same target group and the instances have a status of 'healthy' from the load balancer, the traffic will be evenly distributed in a round robin format to those instances. If you wanted the load balancer to route traffic in a different pattern to different target groups, you can configure that as well by using the "Weighted routing" option. Finally you can enable sticky sessions on you healthy instances within the target group for another routing option.
Doesn't the documentation say how to send multiple instances to one target group?
The way you said is an algorithm for the load balancer to select a target group. What I want to know is how the target group selects instances.
Nop. Its attribute of Target group not attribute of load balancer. And it says how target is selected. It dont say how target group is selected. It is the way load balancer send traffic to target within target group.
This document is a good read
https://jayendrapatil.com/aws-elb-application-load-balancer/