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Hello, I see you would like to know more about the differences in the max_connections parameter between MariaDB engines and MYSQL. The differences between the two is intentional because with a number of instance classes and workloads, the typical configurations results in instance instability and system crashes. Which is why AWS sets the max_connections differently between MYSQL and MariaDB. To add, also notice that you will see less maximum number of DB connections(when viewing max connections), it is simply to avoid potentially maxing out the memory of the DB.[1]
The formula of RDS MariaDB is different because internal engine architecture is different with MySQL because it is related to memory latch logic.
If you would like to increase the max_connections you may have a look at the references [2].
The chosen parameter calculations is a direct relationship between three parameters in MYSQl, namely: open_files_limit [3][4], table_open_cache[5][6] and max_connections. The parameter calculation was designed to provide best assurances in regards to operating system stability and DB performance across all instance classes on the RDS platform. If you would like to know more you can contact AWS support[7].
References : .[1] https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Limits.html#RDS_Limits.MaxConnections
.[2] https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/rds-mysql-max-connections/
.[3] https://www.percona.com/blog/2017/10/12/open_files_limit-mystery/
.[4]https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_open_files_limit
.[5] https://mariadb.com/kb/en/optimizing-table_open_cache/
.[6] https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/table-cache.html
.[7] https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/
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