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為什麼整合 CloudWatch 代理程式不會將我的指標或日誌事件推送至 CloudWatch？

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我在我的 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 執行個體上設定了統一的 Amazon CloudWatch 代理程式，將指標和日誌發佈至 Amazon CloudWatch。但是，我無法在 CloudWatch 主控台中看到我的指標或日誌事件。

簡短描述

如果有連線問題或權限問題，整合 CloudWatch 代理程式可能不會將指標或日誌推送到 CloudWatch。當您查看整合 CloudWatch 代理程式日誌時，可能會看到下列其中一個錯誤：

  • 代理程式日誌錯誤： 未連線到端點
  • 代理程式日誌錯誤： 權限不足

解決方法

若要對整合 CloudWatch 代理程式進行疑難排解，請完成以下步驟：

**注意：**如果您在執行 AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) 命令時收到錯誤訊息，請參閱對 AWS CLI 錯誤進行疑難排解。此外，請確定您使用的是最新的 AWS CLI 版本。

檢閱整合的 CloudWatch 代理程式日誌

透過代理程式日誌檔案，幫助您解決使用統一的 CloudWatch 代理程式套件時遇到的問題。

您可能會遇到下列其中一個問題：

  • 您無法連線到所需的 AWS 服務端點或 Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) 端點。如需詳細資訊，請參閱使用 VPC 端點。
  • 您沒有正確的權限，無法對 CloudWatch 進行支援 API 呼叫。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudWatch API 作業和動作所需權限。

您可能會在以下日誌中看到這些錯誤之一。

代理程式日誌錯誤： 未連線到端點

2021-08-30T04:07:46Z E! cloudwatch: code: RequestError, message: send request failed, original error: Post "https://monitoring.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/": dial tcp 172.31.11.121:443: i/o timeout
2021-08-30T04:07:46Z W! 210 retries, going to sleep 1m0s before retrying.
2021-08-30T04:07:46Z E! cloudwatch: code: RequestError, message: send request failed, original error: Post "https://monitoring.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/": dial tcp 172.31.11.121:443: i/o timeout
2021-08-30T04:07:46Z W! 211 retries, going to sleep 1m0s before retrying.

代理程式日誌錯誤： 權限不足

2021-08-30T02:15:45Z E! cloudwatch: code: AccessDenied, message: User: arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/cwagent/i-0744de7c842d2c2ba is not authorized to perform: cloudwatch:PutMetricData, original error:
2021-08-30T02:15:45Z W! 1 retries, going to sleep 400ms before retrying.
2021-08-30T02:15:46Z E! WriteToCloudWatch failure, err:  AccessDenied: User: arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/cwagent/i-0744de7c842d2c2ba is not authorized to perform: cloudwatch:PutMetricData
    status code: 403, request id: f1171fd0-05b6-4f7d-bac2-629c8594c46e

確認與 CloudWatch 端點的連線

當到 CloudWatch 的流量未經過公有網際網路時，您可以改用 Amazon VPC 端點。如果您使用的是 Amazon VPC 端點，請檢查以下參數：

  • 如果您使用的是私有名稱伺服器，請確認 DNS 解析提供了準確的回應。
  • 確認 CloudWatch 端點解析為私有 IP 位址。
  • 確認與 Amazon VPC 端點關聯的安全群組允許來自主機的傳入流量。

若要確認與 CloudWatch 端點的連線，請完成下列步驟：

  1. 若要檢查與指標端點的連線，請執行以下命令：

    $ telnet monitoring.us-east-1.amazonaws.com 443
Trying 52.46.138.115...
Connected to monitoring.amazonaws.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
^]
telnet> quit
Connection closed.

  2. 若要檢查與日誌端點的連線，請執行以下命令：

    $ telnet logs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com 443
Trying 3.236.94.218...
Connected to logs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
^]
telnet> quit
Connection closed

  3. 若要檢查 Amazon VPC 端點是否解析為私有 IP 位址，請執行以下命令：

    $ dig monitoring.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
+short172.31.11.121
172.31.0.13

檢閱整合的 CloudWatch 代理程式組態

CloudWatch 代理程式組態檔案會詳細說明發佈至 CloudWatch 的指標和日誌。檢閱代理程式組態檔案，確認其中包含要發佈的日誌和指標。

確認主機具有發佈指標和日誌的權限

AWS 受管政策 CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy 和 CloudWatchAgentAdminPolicy 可幫助您部署統一的 CloudWatch 代理程式。並檢查您是否擁有正確的權限。使用這些政策作為參考，確保您的主機擁有正確的權限。

這些範例中的 AWS CLI 輸出顯示權限不足。

以下 AWS CLI config 命令顯示缺少附加至 EC2 執行個體的 AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) 角色：

$ /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -a fetch-config -m ec2 -c ssm:CWT-Web-Server -s
****** processing amazon-cloudwatch-agent ******
/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/config-downloader --output-dir /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d --download-source ssm:CWT-Web-Server --mode ec2 --config /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/common-config.toml --multi-config default
Region: us-east-1
credsConfig: map[]
Error in retrieving parameter store content: NoCredentialProviders: no valid providers in chain. Deprecated.
    For verbose messaging see aws.Config.CredentialsChainVerboseErrors
Fail to fetch/remove json config: NoCredentialProviders: no valid providers in chain. Deprecated.
    For verbose messaging see aws.Config.CredentialsChainVerboseErrors

Fail to fetch the config!

以下 AWS CLI config 命令顯示 EC2 執行個體附加了不正確的 IAM 角色：

$ /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -a fetch-config -m ec2 -c ssm:CWT-Web-Server -s
****** processing amazon-cloudwatch-agent ******
/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/config-downloader --output-dir /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d --download-source ssm:CWT-Web-Server --mode ec2 --config /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/common-config.toml --multi-config default
Region: us-east-1
credsConfig: map[]
Error in retrieving parameter store content: AccessDeniedException: User: arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/cwagent/i-0744de7c842d2c2ba is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:parameter/CWT-Web-Server
    status code: 400, request id: b85b0a7a-0fb1-47b4-924f-be8cf43a3b4d
Fail to fetch/remove json config: AccessDeniedException: User: arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/cwagent/i-0744de7c842d2c2ba is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:123456789012:parameter/CWT-Web-Server
    status code: 400, request id: b85b0a7a-0fb1-47b4-924f-be8cf43a3b4d

Fail to fetch the config!

以下 get-caller-identity 命令會傳回與執行個體關聯的 IAM 使用者或角色：

$ aws sts get-caller-identity
{
    "UserId": "AROA123456789012ABCDE:i-0744de7c842d2c2ba",
    "Account": "123456789012",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/CloudWatchAgentServerRole/i-0744de7c842d2c2ba"
}

確認代理程式是否正確啟動

代理程式設計為使用 AWS CLI 啟動，並將組態檔案作為引數傳遞。若要啟動代理程式，請執行以下有效的啟動命令。

如果是 Linux，請執行以下命令：

- `$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -a fetch-config -m ec2 -s -c file:configuration-file-path`
- `$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -a fetch-config -m ec2 -s -c ssm:configuration-parameter-store-name`

如果是 Windows，請執行以下命令：

- `& "C:\Program Files\Amazon\AmazonCloudWatchAgent\amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl.ps1" -a fetch-config -m ec2 -s -c file:"C:\Program Files\Amazon\AmazonCloudWatchAgent\config.json"`
- `& "C:\Program Files\Amazon\AmazonCloudWatchAgent\amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl.ps1" -a fetch-config -m ec2 -s -c ssm:configuration-parameter-store-name`

重要： 請勿從 Windows 控制面板啟動代理程式。

確認代理程式正在執行中

若要發佈指標和日誌，代理程式必須處於作用中狀態。若要確認 CloudWatch 代理程式是否處於作用中狀態，請執行下列命令：

$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -m ec2 -a status
{
    "status": "running",
    "starttime": "2021-08-30T02:13:44+00:00",
    "configstatus": "configured",
    "cwoc_status": "stopped",
    "cwoc_starttime": "",
    "cwoc_configstatus": "not configured",
    "version": "1.247349.0b251399"
}

更新代理程式組態後，重新啟動代理程式

代理程式不會自動註冊對組態檔案的變更。如果更新代理程式組態以包含全新或不同的指標和日誌，則您必須使用以下命令重新啟動代理程式：

$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -m ec2 -a stop
****** processing cwagent-otel-collector ******
cwagent-otel-collector has already been stopped

****** processing amazon-cloudwatch-agent ******
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop amazon-cloudwatch-agent.service


$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -a fetch-config -m ec2 -s -c file:config.json
****** processing amazon-cloudwatch-agent ******
/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/config-downloader --output-dir /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d --download-source file:config.json --mode ec2 --config /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/common-config.toml --multi-config default
Successfully fetched the config and saved in /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d/file_config.json.tmp
Start configuration validation...
/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/config-translator --input /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.json --input-dir /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d --output /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.toml --mode ec2 --config /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/common-config.toml --multi-config default
2021/08/31 02:45:37 Reading json config file path: /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.d/file_config.json.tmp ...
Valid Json input schema.
I! Detecting run_as_user...
Configuration validation first phase succeeded
/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent -schematest -config /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.toml
Configuration validation second phase succeeded
Configuration validation succeeded
amazon-cloudwatch-agent has already been stopped
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart amazon-cloudwatch-agent.service

$ sudo /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/amazon-cloudwatch-agent-ctl -m ec2 -a status
{
  "status": "running",
  "starttime": "2021-08-31T02:45:37+0000",
  "configstatus": "configured",
  "cwoc_status": "stopped",
  "cwoc_starttime": "",
  "cwoc_configstatus": "not configured",
  "version": "1.247349.0b251399"
}

相關資訊

如何安裝和設定整合 CloudWatch 代理程式，以將指標和日誌從 EC2 執行個體傳送到 CloudWatch？

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