如何在執行 Amazon Linux 2 的 EC2 執行個體上從 Extras 媒體櫃安裝軟體套件？

解決方法

若要從 Extras 媒體櫃安裝軟體套件，請先確認您的 EC2 執行個體上已安裝 amazon-linux-extras 儲存庫。列出可用的軟體套件，然後開啟您要使用的套件。然後，使用 yum 安裝此套件。

注意： 以下解決方法僅適用於 Amazon Linux 2。此解決方法不適用於 Amazon Linux 1 2018.03 或 Amazon Linux 2023。

若要安裝軟體套件，請完成以下步驟：

1. 使用 SSH 連線至 EC2 Linux 執行個體。

2. 若要確認已安裝 amazon-linux-extras 套件，請執行下列 rpm 命令：

   $ rpm -qa |grep -i amazon-linux-extras

   如果尚未安裝 amazon-linux-extras 套件，請執行下列 yum 命令安裝套件：

   $ sudo yum install -y amazon-linux-extras

3. 列出可用的主題。
   範例主題和版本清單：

   $ amazon-linux-extras  
   2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

   **注意：**儲存庫會定期更新。

4. 啟用您要使用的主題。輸出會顯示安裝要使用的命令。
   例如，若要啟用 PHP 8.1 主題，請執行下列命令：

   $ sudo amazon-linux-extras enable php8.1
   Topic php8.1 has end-of-support date of 2024-11-25
     2  httpd_modules            available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
     3  memcached1.5             available    \
           [ =1.5.1  =1.5.16  =1.5.17 ]
     9  R3.4                     available    [ =3.4.3  =stable ]
    10  rust1                    available    \
           [ =1.22.1  =1.26.0  =1.26.1  =1.27.2  =1.31.0  =1.38.0
             =stable ]
    18  libreoffice              available    \
           [ =5.0.6.2_15  =5.3.6.1  =stable ]
    19  gimp                     available    [ =2.8.22 ]
    20 †docker=latest            enabled      \
           [ =17.12.1  =18.03.1  =18.06.1  =18.09.9  =stable ]
    21  mate-desktop1.x          available    \
           [ =1.19.0  =1.20.0  =stable ]
    22  GraphicsMagick1.3        available    \
           [ =1.3.29  =1.3.32  =1.3.34  =stable ]
    23 †tomcat8.5                available    \
           [ =8.5.31  =8.5.32  =8.5.38  =8.5.40  =8.5.42  =8.5.50
             =stable ]
    24  epel                     available    [ =7.11  =stable ]
    25  testing                  available    [ =1.0  =stable ]
    26  ecs                      available    [ =stable ]
    27 †corretto8                available    \
           [ =1.8.0_192  =1.8.0_202  =1.8.0_212  =1.8.0_222  =1.8.0_232
             =1.8.0_242  =stable ]
    32  lustre2.10               available    \
           [ =2.10.5  =2.10.8  =stable ]
    33 †java-openjdk11           available    [ =11  =stable ]
    34  lynis                    available    [ =stable ]
    36  BCC                      available    [ =0.x  =stable ]
    37  mono                     available    [ =5.x  =stable ]
    38  nginx1                   available    [ =stable ]
    40  mock                     available    [ =stable ]
    43  livepatch                available    [ =stable ]
    44 †python3.8                available    [ =stable ]
    45  haproxy2                 available    [ =stable ]
    46  collectd                 available    [ =stable ]
    47  aws-nitro-enclaves-cli   available    [ =stable ]
    48  R4                       available    [ =stable ]
     _  kernel-5.4               available    [ =stable ]
    50  selinux-ng               available    [ =stable ]
    52  tomcat9                  available    [ =stable ]
    53  unbound1.13              available    [ =stable ]
    54 †mariadb10.5              available    [ =stable ]
    55  kernel-5.10=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    56  redis6                   available    [ =stable ]
    57 †ruby3.0                  available    [ =stable ]
    58 †postgresql12             available    [ =stable ]
    59 †postgresql13             available    [ =stable ]
    60  mock2                    available    [ =stable ]
    61  dnsmasq2.85=latest       enabled      [ =stable ]
    62  kernel-5.15              available    [ =stable ]
    63 †postgresql14             available    [ =stable ]
    64  firefox                  available    [ =stable ]
    65  lustre                   available    [ =stable ]
    66 †php8.1=latest            enabled      [ =stable ]
    67  awscli1                  available    [ =stable ]
     _ †php8.2                   available    [ =stable ]
     _  dnsmasq                  available    [ =stable ]
    70  unbound1.17              available    [ =stable ]
    72  collectd-python3         available    [ =stable ]
   † Note on end-of-support. Use 'info' subcommand.

5. 使用 yum 安裝這些套件。
   例如，若要安裝 PHP 8.1 主題，請執行下列命令：

   $ sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum install php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd

6. 若要驗證安裝並確認軟體版本，請執行下列命令：

   $ sudo yum list installed php-cli php-pdo php-fpm php-json php-mysqlnd
   Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
   Installed Packages
   php-cli.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-fpm.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-mysqlnd.x86_64                                            8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   php-pdo.x86_64                                                8.1.23-1.amzn2                                            @amzn2extra-php8.1
   
   $ php --version
   PHP 8.1.23 (cli) (built: Sep 15 2023 21:56:29) (NTS)
   Copyright (c) The PHP Group
   Zend Engine v4.1.23, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

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